Legislation

Indian Language Alphabet Comparison

CONSONANTS

Gutturals

Palatals

Hindi is spoken as a mother tongue by about 40.22% of the population, mainly in the area known as the Hindi belt comprising Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. It is the official language of the Indian Union, of the four states mentioned above, and of two other states namely, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Assamese is the state language of Assam and is spoken by nearly 60% of the State's population. The origin of this language dates back to the 13th century.

Bengali is spoken by nearly 200 million people in the world, in West Bengal and in Bangladesh. It developed as a language in the 13th century and is the official state language of the eastern state of West Bengal.

Gujarati is the state language of Gujarat and is spoken by 70% of the State's population. It is Indic in origin and branched out from the Indo-European group of languages.

Kannada is the State language of Karnataka and is spoken by 65% of the State's population.

Kashmiri is a language written in both Persio-Arabic and Devnagri script and is spoken by 55% of the population of Jammu and Kashmir.

Konkani, principally based on classical Sanskrit, belongs to the southwestern branch of Indo-Aryan languages. It is spoken in the Konkan region covering Goa and parts of the coastal regions of Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra.

Malayalam is a Dravidian language, spoken by the people of Kerala. It is an ancient language and is thousands years old.

Marathi is an Indic language dating back to the 13th century. It is the official language of the western state of Maharashtra.

Oriya, the state language of Orissa is spoken by nearly 87% of its population.

Punjabi is an Indic language and is spoken in the state of Punjab. Although based on the Devnagri script, it is written in the 16th century script called Gurumukhi, created by the Sikh Guru, Angad.

Sanskrit is one of the oldest languages of the world and also the language of classical India. All the classical literature and the Indian epics are written in this language.

Sindhi is spoken by a great number of people in the Northwest frontier of the Indian sub-continent comprising parts of India and Pakistan. In Pakistan, the language is written in the Perso-Arabic script, while in India in the Devnagri script.

Tamil, an ancient Dravidian language is at least 2,000 years old. It is the state language of Tamil Nadu and is spoken by at least 65 million people.

Telugu is also a Dravidian language and is the spoken by the people of Andhra Pradesh.

Urdu is the state language of Jammu and Kashmir and it evolved with Hindi in the capital of India, Delhi. Urdu is the language adopted by the majority of the Muslims in India. Urdu is written in the Persio-Arabic script and contains many words from the Persian language.

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